{"id":263,"date":"2019-11-15T20:15:16","date_gmt":"2019-11-15T20:15:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/live-cornell-law-review.pantheonsite.io\/?p=263"},"modified":"2019-11-15T20:15:16","modified_gmt":"2019-11-15T20:15:16","slug":"incarceration-or-e-carceration-california-sb-10-bail-reform-and-the-potential-pitfalls-for-pretrial-detainees","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/publications.lawschool.cornell.edu\/lawreview\/2019\/11\/15\/incarceration-or-e-carceration-california-sb-10-bail-reform-and-the-potential-pitfalls-for-pretrial-detainees\/","title":{"rendered":"Incarceration or E-Carceration: California SB 10 Bail Reform and the Potential Pitfalls for Pretrial Detainees"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>On April 23, 2017, Kenneth Humphrey followed an elderly man into his home and demanded money\u2014he left with seven dollars and a bottle of cologne.<sup class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_263_1('footnote_plugin_reference_263_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_263_1('footnote_plugin_reference_263_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_263_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">1<\/sup><\/a><cite class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><span class=\"footnote-inner\">1. <em>In re <\/em>Humphrey, 228 Cal. Rptr. 3d 513, 518 (Cal. Ct. App. 2018).<\/span><\/cite><\/sup><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_263_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_263_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> A few days later, Humphrey was arrested and a court ordered that he be held on $350,000 bail.<sup class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_263_1('footnote_plugin_reference_263_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_263_1('footnote_plugin_reference_263_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_263_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">2<\/sup><\/a><cite class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><span class=\"footnote-inner\">2. <em>Id. <\/em>at 519, 522.<\/span><\/cite><\/sup><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_263_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_263_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> However, Humphrey\u2019s robbery netted him a total of <em>five <\/em>dollars\u2014he did not have enough money to post $350,000 bail.<sup class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_263_1('footnote_plugin_reference_263_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_263_1('footnote_plugin_reference_263_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_263_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">3<\/sup><\/a><cite class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><span class=\"footnote-inner\">3. <em>Id. <\/em>at 522.<\/span><\/cite><\/sup><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_263_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_263_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> He was an elderly African American man with a criminal record and a history of drug addiction.<sup class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_263_1('footnote_plugin_reference_263_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_263_1('footnote_plugin_reference_263_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_263_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">4<\/sup><\/a><cite class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><span class=\"footnote-inner\">4. <em>See id. <\/em>at 520<\/span><\/cite><\/sup><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_263_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_263_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> While these traits disadvantaged him in the eyes of the criminal justice system, Humphrey also had one trait that would ultimately determine his sentence: he was <em>poor<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When Humphrey\u2019s case eventually came before the California Court of Appeal, the court declared California\u2019s money-bail system unconstitutional for penalizing the poor.<sup class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_263_1('footnote_plugin_reference_263_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_263_1('footnote_plugin_reference_263_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_263_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">5<\/sup><\/a><cite class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><span class=\"footnote-inner\">5. <em>Id. <\/em>at 530.<\/span><\/cite><\/sup><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_263_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_263_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> The widely publicized nature of the case prompted the California legislature to react. On August 28, 2018, the legislature signed the California Money Bail Reform Act of 2017 (also known as \u201cSB 10\u201d) into law.<sup class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_263_1('footnote_plugin_reference_263_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_263_1('footnote_plugin_reference_263_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_263_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">6<\/sup><\/a><cite class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><span class=\"footnote-inner\">6. Thomas Fuller, California Is the First State to Scrap Cash Bail, N.Y. TIMES (Aug. 28, 2018), <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/08\/28\/us\/california-cash-bail.html<\/span> [<a href=\"https:\/\/perma.cc\/88GA-WEN2\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/perma.cc\/88GA-WEN2<\/span><\/a>].<\/span><\/cite><\/sup><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_263_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_263_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> As the first piece of legislation to completely abolish monetary bail,<sup class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_263_1('footnote_plugin_reference_263_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_263_1('footnote_plugin_reference_263_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_263_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">7<\/sup><\/a><cite class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><span class=\"footnote-inner\">7. <em>Id.<\/em><\/span><\/cite><\/sup><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_263_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_263_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> California\u2019s SB 10 is an unprecedented step forward in the struggle for bail reform, eliminating a bail system that puts an unfair \u201ctax on poor people in California.\u201d<sup class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_263_1('footnote_plugin_reference_263_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_263_1('footnote_plugin_reference_263_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_263_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">8<\/sup><\/a><cite class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><span class=\"footnote-inner\">8. In 1979, the Governor of California declared in his State of the State Address that it was necessary for the Legislature to reform the bail system, which he said constituted an unfair \u201ctax on poor&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_263_1('footnote_plugin_reference_263_1_8');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/cite><\/sup><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_263_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_263_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> However, progressive movements for change often result in fierce counter-movements, and California\u2019s bail reform move- ment will be no different.<sup class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_263_1('footnote_plugin_reference_263_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_263_1('footnote_plugin_reference_263_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_263_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">9<\/sup><\/a><cite class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><span class=\"footnote-inner\">9. See Fuller, supra note 6.<\/span><\/cite><\/sup><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_263_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_263_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This Note addresses the arguments that will likely be raised against SB 10 and provides a response to these challenges. Part I discusses the historical background of monetary bail, the bail reform movement in both the federal and state forums, and the beginning of the current bail reform movement in California. Part II addresses the main legal and policy challenges against SB 10, showing how the greatest threats to SB 10 come from policy challenges, rather than legal challenges. Part III looks at the big picture, discussing the pitfalls of pre- trial incarceration and the possibility that SB 10 could create a regime of e-carceration.<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_263_1();\">References<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_263_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_263_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_263_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">References<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_263_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_263_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_263_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>In re <\/em>Humphrey, 228 Cal. Rptr. 3d 513, 518 (Cal. Ct. App. 2018).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_263_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_263_1_2');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_263_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>Id. <\/em>at 519, 522.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_263_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_263_1_3');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_263_1_3\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>Id. <\/em>at 522.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_263_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_263_1_4');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_263_1_4\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>See id. <\/em>at 520<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_263_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_263_1_5');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_263_1_5\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>Id. <\/em>at 530.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_263_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_263_1_6');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_263_1_6\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Thomas Fuller, California Is the First State to Scrap Cash Bail, N.Y. TIMES (Aug. 28, 2018), <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/08\/28\/us\/california-cash-bail.html<\/span> [<a href=\"https:\/\/perma.cc\/88GA-WEN2\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/perma.cc\/88GA-WEN2<\/span><\/a>].<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_263_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_263_1_7');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_263_1_7\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>Id.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_263_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_263_1_8');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_263_1_8\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">In 1979, the Governor of California declared in his State of the State Address that it was necessary for the Legislature to reform the bail system, which he said constituted an unfair \u201ctax on poor people in California. Thousands and thousands of people languish in the jails of this state even though they have been convicted of no crime. Their only crime is that they cannot make the bail that our present law requires.\u201d Governor Edmund G. Brown Jr., State of the State Address (Jan. 16, 1979). However, the Legislature did not respond. See In re Humphrey, 228 Cal. Rptr. 3d at 516.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_263_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_263_1_9');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_263_1_9\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">See Fuller, supra note 6.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_263_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_263_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_263_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_263_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_263_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_263_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_263_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_263_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_263_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_263_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_263_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_263_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_263_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_263_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On April 23, 2017, Kenneth Humphrey followed an elderly man into his home and demanded money\u2014he left with seven dollars and a bottle of cologne.11. In re Humphrey, 228 Cal. Rptr. 3d 513, 518 (Cal. Ct. App. 2018). A few days later, Humphrey was arrested and a court ordered that he be held on $350,000&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,103,46,49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-263","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archives","category-issue-7","category-notes","category-print-volume-104"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/publications.lawschool.cornell.edu\/lawreview\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/263","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/publications.lawschool.cornell.edu\/lawreview\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/publications.lawschool.cornell.edu\/lawreview\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/publications.lawschool.cornell.edu\/lawreview\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/publications.lawschool.cornell.edu\/lawreview\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=263"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/publications.lawschool.cornell.edu\/lawreview\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/263\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/publications.lawschool.cornell.edu\/lawreview\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=263"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/publications.lawschool.cornell.edu\/lawreview\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=263"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/publications.lawschool.cornell.edu\/lawreview\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=263"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}