{"id":2671,"date":"2020-12-01T00:00:29","date_gmt":"2020-12-01T00:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/live-cornell-law-review.pantheonsite.io\/?p=2671"},"modified":"2020-12-01T00:00:29","modified_gmt":"2020-12-01T00:00:29","slug":"disparate-defense-in-tribal-courts-the-unequal-rights-to-counsel-as-a-barrier-to-expansion-of-tribal-court-criminal-jurisdiction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/publications.lawschool.cornell.edu\/lawreview\/2020\/12\/01\/disparate-defense-in-tribal-courts-the-unequal-rights-to-counsel-as-a-barrier-to-expansion-of-tribal-court-criminal-jurisdiction\/","title":{"rendered":"Disparate Defense in Tribal Courts: The Unequal Rights to Counsel as a Barrier to Expansion of Tribal Court Criminal Jurisdiction"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Michael Bryant, Jr. was a defendant in the Northern Cheyenne Tribal Court.<sup class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_2671_1('footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_2671_1('footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_2671_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">1<\/sup><\/a><cite class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><span class=\"footnote-inner\">1. United States v. Bryant, 136 S. Ct. 1954, 1963 (2016).<\/span><\/cite><\/sup><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_2671_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_2671_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> He pled guilty to committing domestic abuse in violation of the Northern Cheyenne Tribal Code and was sentenced to a term of imprisonment. Although he was indigent, Bryant was not appointed counsel.<sup class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_2671_1('footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_2671_1('footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_2671_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">2<\/sup><\/a><cite class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><span class=\"footnote-inner\">2. Id.<\/span><\/cite><\/sup><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_2671_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_2671_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> Meanwhile, Frank Jaimez was a defendant in the Pascua Yaqui Tribe of Arizona Tribal Court.<sup class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_2671_1('footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_2671_1('footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_2671_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">3<\/sup><\/a><cite class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><span class=\"footnote-inner\">3. Pascua Yaqui Tribe v. Jaimez, No. CR-16-236, (Pascua Yaqui Ct. App. 2017); Pascua Yaqui Tribe, First Non-Indian Jury Trial Conviction in Indian Country Prosecuted at Tucson, Arizona\u2019s Pascua Yaqui&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_2671_1('footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_3');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/cite><\/sup><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_2671_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_2671_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>  A jury found Jaimez guilty of committing domestic violence, and he was sentenced to a term of imprisonment.  Jaimez was indigent and was represented by a public defender.<sup class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_2671_1('footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_2671_1('footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_2671_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">4<\/sup><\/a><cite class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><span class=\"footnote-inner\">4. Pascua Yaqui Tribe v. Jaimez, No. CR-16-236, (Pascua Yaqui Ct. App. 2017).<\/span><\/cite><\/sup><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_2671_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_2671_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bryant appeared without counsel while Jaimez received a court-appointed attorney. Why? Because Bryant is Indian, and Jaimez is not.<sup class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_2671_1('footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_2671_1('footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_2671_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">5<\/sup><\/a><cite class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><span class=\"footnote-inner\">5. This Note \u201cuses the terms \u2018Native American Indian\u2019 and \u2018Indian\u2019 interchangeably to refer to indigenous tribal people who inhabit the present-day United States. While it is true the term&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_2671_1('footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_5');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/cite><\/sup><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_2671_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_2671_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> Indians do not have the same right to counsel in tribal court as non-Indians do.<sup class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_2671_1('footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_2671_1('footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_2671_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">6<\/sup><\/a><cite class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><span class=\"footnote-inner\">6. Compare Argersinger v. Hamlin, 407 U.S. 25, 37 (1972) (requiring appointed counsel for indigent criminal defendants in federal and state courts if the defendant faces any term of imprisonment), with&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_2671_1('footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_6');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/cite><\/sup><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_2671_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_2671_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> Moreover, Bryant was prosecuted in tribal court because tribes have \u201cinherent power\u201d to \u201cexercise criminal jurisdiction over all Indians.\u201d<sup class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_2671_1('footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_2671_1('footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_2671_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">7<\/sup><\/a><cite class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><span class=\"footnote-inner\">7. 25 U.S.C. \u00a7 1301(2); United States v. Lara, 541 U.S. 193, 210 (2004) (upholding the statute).<\/span><\/cite><\/sup><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_2671_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_2671_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> But tribal courts do not have general criminal jurisdiction over non-Indians\u2014Jaimez was only prosecuted by the Pascua Yaqui Tribe because U.S. Congress granted tribal courts limited criminal jurisdiction over non-Indians for certain crimes of domestic violence.<sup class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_2671_1('footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_2671_1('footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_2671_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">8<\/sup><\/a><cite class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><span class=\"footnote-inner\">8. See 25 U.S.C. \u00a7 1304(c)(1), (2) (\u201cA participating tribe may exercise special domestic violence criminal jurisdiction over a defendant for criminal conduct that falls into one or more of the&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_2671_1('footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_8');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/cite><\/sup><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_2671_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_2671_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> Thus, both a tribe\u2019s authority to prosecute and a defendant\u2019s subsequent right to counsel can vary depending on the defendant\u2019s Indian status.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This Note argues that modifying the right to counsel for Indians will help expand tribal court criminal jurisdiction over non-Indians. Fixing the discrepancy in representation between Bryant and Jaimez may increase U.S. Congress\u2019s faith in tribal courts and thus encourage Congress to extend tribal jurisdiction over more non-Indian offenders. This Note arises from a deeply held belief in both the rights of the accused as presumptively innocent and the rights of tribes as sovereign nations.<sup class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_2671_1('footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_2671_1('footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_2671_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">9<\/sup><\/a><cite class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><span class=\"footnote-inner\">9. This Note differs from previous scholarship in that it looks toward the future and combines the right to counsel with additional jurisdictional expansion. Cf. Creel, supra note 5, at 321 (focusing on&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_2671_1('footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_9');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/cite><\/sup><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_2671_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_2671_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To read more, click here: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/live-cornell-law-review.pantheonsite.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Disparate-Defence-in-Tribal-Courts-Macomber.pdf\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/live-cornell-law-review.pantheonsite.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Disparate-Defence-in-Tribal-Courts-Macomber.pdf\">Disparate Defense in Tribal Courts: The Unequal Rights to Counsel as a Barrier to Expansion of Tribal Court Criminal Jurisdiction<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_2671_1();\">References<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_2671_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_2671_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_2671_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">References<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_2671_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_2671_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">United States v. Bryant, 136 S. Ct. 1954, 1963 (2016).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_2671_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_2671_1_2');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Id.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_2671_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_2671_1_3');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_3\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Pascua Yaqui Tribe v. Jaimez, No. CR-16-236, (Pascua Yaqui Ct. App. 2017); <em>Pascua Yaqui Tribe, First Non-Indian Jury Trial Conviction in Indian Country Prosecuted at Tucson, Arizona\u2019s Pascua Yaqui Tribal Court<\/em>, PR NEWSWIRE: CISION (May 23, 2017 1:27 PM), <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/firstnon-indian-jury-trial-conviction-in-indian-country-prosecuted-at-tucsonarizonas-pascua-yaqui-tribal-court-300462521.html<\/span> [<a href=\"https:\/\/perma.cc\/YK2CJRFX\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/perma.cc\/YK2CJRFX<\/span><\/a>].<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_2671_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_2671_1_4');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_4\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Pascua Yaqui Tribe v. Jaimez, No. CR-16-236, (Pascua Yaqui Ct. App. 2017).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_2671_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_2671_1_5');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_5\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">This Note \u201cuses the terms \u2018Native American Indian\u2019 and \u2018Indian\u2019 interchangeably to refer to indigenous tribal people who inhabit the present-day United States. While it is true the term \u2018Indian\u2019 was never accurate, it has become a term of art from historical use in Federal Indian law, history, and statutes.\u201d Barbara L. Creel, <em>The Right to Counsel for Indians Accused of Crime: A Tribal and<br \/>Congressional Imperative<\/em>, 18 MICH. J. RACE &amp; L. 317, 318 n.1 (2013).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_2671_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_2671_1_6');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_6\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>Compare<\/em> Argersinger v. Hamlin, 407 U.S. 25, 37 (1972) (requiring appointed counsel for indigent criminal defendants in federal and state courts if the defendant faces any term of imprisonment), <em>with<\/em> 25 U.S.C. \u00a7 1302(c) (2018) (requiring appointed counsel for indigent Indian criminal defendants in tribal court only if a defendant faces a term of imprisonment that exceeds one year).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_2671_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_2671_1_7');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_7\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">25 U.S.C. \u00a7 1301(2); United States v. Lara, 541 U.S. 193, 210 (2004) (upholding the statute).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_2671_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_2671_1_8');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_8\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>See<\/em> 25 U.S.C. \u00a7 1304(c)(1), (2) (\u201cA participating tribe may exercise special domestic violence criminal jurisdiction over a defendant for criminal conduct that falls into one or more of the following categories: (1) Domestic violence and dating violence . . . (2) Violations of protection orders.\u201d). The Pascua Yaqui Tribe implemented exacting requirements in order to adopt that limited jurisdiction. <em>See<\/em> 25 U.S.C. \u00a7 1304(a)(4).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_2671_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_2671_1_9');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_2671_1_9\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">This Note differs from previous scholarship in that it looks toward the future and combines the right to counsel with additional jurisdictional expansion. Cf. Creel, <em>supra<\/em> note 5, at 321 (focusing on the right to counsel); Margaret H. R Zhang, Comment, <em>Special Domestic Violence Criminal Jurisdiction for Indian<br \/>Tribes: Inherent Tribal Sovereignty Versus Defendants\u2019 Complete Constitutional Rights<\/em>, 164 U. PENN. L. REV. 243, 245 (2015) (focusing on special domestic violence criminal jurisdiction.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_2671_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_2671_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_2671_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_2671_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_2671_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_2671_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_2671_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_2671_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_2671_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_2671_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_2671_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_2671_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_2671_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_2671_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This Note argues that modifying the right to counsel for Indians will help expand tribal court criminal jurisdiction over non-Indians. Fixing the discrepancy in representation between Bryant and Jaimez may increase U.S. Congress\u2019s faith in tribal courts and thus encourage Congress to extend tribal jurisdiction over more non-Indian offenders. This Note arises from a deeply held belief in both the rights of the accused as presumptively innocent and the rights of tribes as sovereign nations.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[69,46,52],"tags":[136,256,574,655],"class_list":["post-2671","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-issue-1-print-volume-106","category-notes","category-print-volume-106","tag-appointed-counsel","tag-discrimination","tag-right-to-counsel","tag-tribal-court"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/publications.lawschool.cornell.edu\/lawreview\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2671","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/publications.lawschool.cornell.edu\/lawreview\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/publications.lawschool.cornell.edu\/lawreview\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/publications.lawschool.cornell.edu\/lawreview\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/publications.lawschool.cornell.edu\/lawreview\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2671"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/publications.lawschool.cornell.edu\/lawreview\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2671\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/publications.lawschool.cornell.edu\/lawreview\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2671"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/publications.lawschool.cornell.edu\/lawreview\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2671"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/publications.lawschool.cornell.edu\/lawreview\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2671"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}