Is Death Different?

Jacob Bronsther

Associate Professor of Law, Michigan State University College of Law, J.D., M.Phil., Ph.D. For their incisive comments and discussion, the author is grateful to Andrea Armstrong, Rachel Barkow, Kristen Bell, David Blankfein-Tabachnick, Vincent Chiao, James Chen, Alma Diamond, Raff Donelson, Avlana Eisenberg, Sheldon Evans, Lindsay Farmer, Chad Flanders, Charles Fried, Jonathan Gingerich, John Goldberg, Linda Greene, Catherine Grosso, Irene Oritseweyinmi Joe, Erin Kelly, Alexandra Klein, Josh Kleinfeld, Guha Krishnamurthi, Nicola Lacey, Christopher Lewis, Marah McLeod, Erin Miller, Kathryn Miller, Erin Murphy, Carmel Nemirovksy, Alex Platt, Peter Ramsay, Shalev Roisman, Steve Schaus, Amy Sepinwall, Marissa Jackson Sow, Carol Steiker, Victor Tadros, Will Thomas, James Tierney, Robin West, and the participants of presentations at Harvard Law School, the Law and Humanities Junior Scholars Workshop at the University of Pennsylvania, the London School of Economics and Political Science, the Maryland Discussion Group on Constitutionalism, Michigan State University College of Law, the University of Oklahoma College of Law, the AALS Jurisprudence Section’s Works-in-Progress Workshop, the ABA-AALS-Academy for Justice Workshop, the Decarceration Works-in-Progress Workshop, and the Junior Scholars Legal Research Workshop. The authors thanks also Timothy Innes for his excellent research assistance, and Ryan Ming-Yuan Lee and his colleagues at the Cornell Law Review for their thoughtful work.

30 May 2025

This Article attempts to unite the movements against the death penalty and mass incarceration. The central argument is that many noncapital sentences are in the same category of injury as the death penalty. Thus, whatever the law says (or ought to say) about the legitimacy of the death penalty, it should also say about these noncapital sentences. In this way, I reject the premise of our Eighth Amendment jurisprudence that “death is different.” The Article first considers how exactly the death penalty harms a person, given the fact that everybody is going to die. It argues that the death penalty moves up a person’s death date dramatically, likely by decades. Given the sequential and progressive nature of human existence, such a loss of time grievously interferes with one’s unfolding life as a whole. The early death promised by capital punishment means that one’s life will remain to some awful extent incomplete, without the fruition or redemption that the future years may have had in store. The Article then demonstrates that certain prison sentences—especially but not only decades-long sentences—harm individuals in a similar manner.

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